Solid line = floor (spellings that unambiguously belong to the group). Shaded band up to the dashed edge = ceiling (the most it could reach if every ambiguous spelling counted here).
Catherine is down from its peak but still widely used. All-time it's been given to 1,904,238 U.S. babies, the 228th most common name by sound today, peaking at 28,557 in 1956, with 3,152 in 2025.
By sound, Catherine also includes the spellings Katherine, Kathryn, Katharine, Cathryn, Kathrine, Katheryn, Catharine, Cathrine, Kathryne, Katherin, Kathern, Kathyrn.
Source: U.S. Social Security Administration, “National data” baby-names files (1880–2025).