Solid line = floor (spellings that unambiguously belong to the group). Shaded band up to the dashed edge = ceiling (the most it could reach if every ambiguous spelling counted here).
Madeline climbed for decades and has been a steadily popular name ever since. All-time it's been given to 436,045 U.S. babies, the 41st most common name by sound today, peaking at 13,525 in 2008, with 8,333 in 2025.
By sound, Madeline also includes the spellings Madelyn, Madeleine, Madalyn, Madelynn, Madalynn, Madaline, Madelyne, Madelaine, Madelin.
Source: U.S. Social Security Administration, “National data” baby-names files (1880–2025).